Top 10 Coldest States in Nigeria During Harmattan

Last updated on March 14th, 2024 at 12:00 am

Nigeria certainly has some states that have cold and moderate temperature during harmattan seasons. If you’ve been to these places at the year ending (around November or December), you would agree to the fact that these states are chilly just like most European countries on winter. Since harmattan is a trade wind that goes from the northern part of Africa down to the coastal part of Nigeria, the most elevated areas in the country like Jos Plateau and most northern states are mostly affected of this low temperature.

To give you a guide on the states that are most cold in this period of the year, this article will incorporate the top ten coldest states in Nigeria during the harmattan season. Harmattan can be defined as a very dusty and dry easterly wind, blowing the West African coast. It always occurs at the end of the year to the beginning of the following year, i.e. from December to February. It’s also subject to constant dust-laden winds variously known as sirocco, khamsin, simoom and harmattan.

WHAT CAUSES HARMATTAN IN NIGERIA?

You have been experiencing this season for a long time now, and you are probably not aware of what influences this low temperature in the country. The harmattan season, from Twi word haramata, originates from the dry and dusty harmattan trade winds which blows from the Sahara desert over west Africa. In some parts of Nigeria, such as Lagos, this harmattan’s low temperature can hardly be felt due to its far location from the epicenter of the wind.

What happens during harmattan seasons is that it brings desert-like weather conditions: by lowering the humidity, dissipates cloud cover, prevents rainfall formation and sometimes creates big clouds of dust which can result in dust storms or sandstorms.

TOP 10 COLDEST STATES IN NIGERIA DURING HARMATTAN SEASON

Below are the top 10 coldest states in Nigeria that are mostly affected by the lower temperature of the harmattan season;

PLATEAU STATE

Plateau state, precisely Jos plateau is the most coldest state and elevated land area in Nigeria. And for this reason, most part of the region is considerably cold. If you are available to visit Jos during the harmattan period, you will think the area for some European countries. This is due to the fact that the coldness of the weather here is much like the winter. Presently, the weather temperature of the area reads about 17°C. The coldness of Jos city, and the state on the whole, has made it a favourite holiday destination for both tourists and expatriates based in Nigeria.

KANO STATE

Kano is another cold Nigerian state in the northern part of Nigeria. Although, the state is typically very hot throughout the year but from March down through May, which is the harmattan season, the state is very cold with a low temperature. At Night-time, the temperature is cool during these few months with an average low temperature ranging from 11 to 15°C.

SOKOTO STATE

Sokoto is another state quite close the onset of the harmattan wind, and this results to the area being one of the most affected during the cold season. During harmattan season in Sokoto State, the weather is always cold in the morning and hot in the afternoon. Sokoto is one of the hottest states during the dry season, but the story suddenly changes as harmattan could cause its temperature to be as low as 19°C.

TARABA STATE

Taraba state has one of the most coldest area in the whole of the country. This is Gembu town, and the temperature in harmattan season could go as low as 7°C. During the wet season, it is comfortable and the dry season is warm and partly cloudy. Over the course of the year, the temperature in the state typically varies from 53°F to 82°F and is rarely below 49°F or above 88°F. Additionally, the average weather in Jalingo the state capital, during the wet season it’s oppressive and overcast, the dry season is partly cloudy and hot year round. The temperature here normally varies from 61°F to 99°F.

KATSINA STATE

During the dry season and on normal days, the temperature of Katsina state is always very high, as the highest recorded temperature in March has been 39°C. There are some changes as the state temperature at the harmattan season of the year is always as low as 7°C. The average temperature during the season is always 18°C. Just as the harmattan period subjects the atmosphere to foggy conditions, the state experiences a dry and cold wind during these few months of harmattan.

KADUNA STATE

During the harmattan season, you will doubt how a place like kaduna can also be cold. Kaduna state is often hot with dryness climatic weather temperature, but the abrupt change in weather on harmattan seasons makes the area considerably good for living. During harmattan season, Kaduna state’s weather temperature early in the morning is always around 19°C. That is when koko(pap) and kose(beans cake) become their favourite meal just to manage and contain with the low temperature of the season.

FCT-ABUJA

The capital city of Nigeria, Abuja is not exempted from the interlude of dusty and coldness of the harmattan season. The weather temperature of Abuja during the harmattan season is always around 22°C, but could go much lower in some days. Abuja is an elevated land area in the country. This is obvious as most areas of the state is covered with mountains, plateau and some significant rocks.

BAUCHI STATE

There are varieties of weather temperature during the cold season period in Bauchi State. Mostly during the harmattan seasons the day temperature is about 20°C or less, while the morning and evening temperature is quite lower than this. Bauchi is an upland area which is greatly influenced by this trade wind. This has resulted to the lower temperature conditions in most areas of the state during the harmattan months.

ENUGU STATE

This is another cold state in the country that has a lower temperature during the harmattan season. Harmattan season in the state is usually experienced at the lasting few weeks of March and March. The temperature during this period is usually around 25°C, and the air is always filled with dust and saharan winds. During the harmattan season, a good number of Enugu occupants wear socks on any of their outfits to prevent their skin from the harshness of the weather and to also prevent the coldness of the weather.

EKITI STATE

Ekiti is the coldest state in south western Nigeria. Notable places and communities in the state which are much affected by this low temperature season include Ado-Ekiti, Ikere-Ekiti, Aramoko-Ekiti, Omuo-Ekiti, as they can relate with the coldness of harmattan. The normal weather temperature of the state often reads 23°C, but the temperature usually lowers than this on harmattan seasons. Many occupants of the state are accustomed with the chilled temperature. This is seen as a lot of people flock to tea joints early in the morning to drink hot tea and fight the coldness of the season.

COLDEST PLACES IN NIGERIA BY ITS MINIMUM MEAN TEMPERATURE.

While there are many cold places in Nigeria today, the coldest is a town named Gembu in Taraba State. Located on the mambila plateau, It’s low temperature occurs because the temperature rarely fall below 49⁰ f or above 78⁰ and it is located on the mambila plateau.

This table below show all cold areas in Nigeria with their temperatures.

Place Name	Annual Mean Min Temp (°C/°F)	Days per year below 15°C (59°F)	Lowest temp. In last 10 years (°C/°F)	Coldest month
Plateau	20.2 / 68.36	13 (3.56%)	8.0 (2018)	January (15.42°C/59.76°F)
Bauchi	20.9 / 69.62	27 (7.4%)	8.0 (2016)	January (13.83°C/56.89°F)
Kaduna	21.4 / 70.52	4 (1.1%)	11.0 (2010)	January (17.02°C/62.64°F)
Ekiti	21.89 / 71.4	0 (0.0%)	16.0 (2017)	August (21.04°C/69.87°F)
Osun	22.23 / 72.01	0 (0.0%)	14.0 (2011)	August (21.33°C/70.39°F)
Ondo	22.4 / 72.32	0 (0.0%)	16.0 (2012)	January (21.37°C/70.47°F)
Cross River	22.5 / 72.5	0 (0.0%)	14.0 (2015)	January (20.52°C/68.94°F)
Zamfara	22.52 / 72.54	6 (1.64%)	10.0 (2010)	January (16.46°C/61.63°F)
Kano	22.52 / 72.54	13 (3.56%)	8.0 (2014)	January (14.62°C/58.32°F)
Adamawa	22.7 / 72.86	0 (0.0%)	10.0 (2020)	January (17.89°C/64.2°F)
Rivers	22.73 / 72.91	0 (0.0%)	15.0 (2019)	August (21.54°C/70.77°F)
Abuja Federal Capital Territory	22.83 / 73.09	0 (0.0%)	15.0 (2015)	January (20.81°C/69.46°F)
Nasarawa	22.86 / 73.15	0 (0.0%)	12.0 (2011)	January (19.13°C/66.43°F)
Oyo	22.95 / 73.31	0 (0.0%)	16.0 (2011)	August (21.65°C/70.97°F)
Kwara	23.02 / 73.44	0 (0.0%)	16.0 (2012)	January (21.28°C/70.3°F)
Katsina	23.06 / 73.51	12 (3.29%)	8.0 (2012)	January (15.08°C/59.14°F)
Kogi	23.19 / 73.74	0 (0.0%)	15.0 (2018)	August (21.43°C/70.57°F)
Jigawa	23.32 / 73.98	15 (4.11%)	9.0 (2011)	January (15.79°C/60.42°F)
Gombe	23.48 / 74.26	4 (1.1%)	12.0 (2019)	January (18.4°C/65.12°F)
Enugu	23.53 / 74.35	0 (0.0%)	16.0 (2016)	August (22.04°C/71.67°F)
Abia	23.54 / 74.37	0 (0.0%)	16.0 (2020)	August (22.42°C/72.36°F)
Akwa Ibom	23.68 / 74.62	0 (0.0%)	17.0 (2019)	August (22.35°C/72.23°F)
Edo	23.7 / 74.66	0 (0.0%)	15.0 (2010)	January (22.47°C/72.45°F)
Imo	23.71 / 74.68	0 (0.0%)	16.0 (2015)	August (22.46°C/72.43°F)
Anambra	23.79 / 74.82	0 (0.0%)	17.0 (2011)	August (22.38°C/72.28°F)
Yobe	23.81 / 74.86	16 (4.38%)	10.0 (2020)	January (16.69°C/62.04°F)
Kebbi	23.9 / 75.02	1 (0.27%)	13.0 (2010)	January (19.06°C/66.31°F)
Taraba	23.92 / 75.06	0 (0.0%)	13.0 (2019)	January (20.67°C/69.21°F)
Sokoto	24.01 / 75.22	4 (1.1%)	10.0 (2019)	January (16.52°C/61.74°F)
Ogun	24.01 / 75.22	0 (0.0%)	18.0 (2012)	August (22.31°C/72.16°F)
Ebonyi	24.17 / 75.51	0 (0.0%)	18.0 (2013)	August (22.74°C/72.93°F)
Benue	24.2 / 75.56	0 (0.0%)	15.0 (2012)	August (22.07°C/71.73°F)
Niger	24.23 / 75.61	0 (0.0%)	16.0 (2011)	January (21.4°C/70.52°F)
Delta	24.52 / 76.14	0 (0.0%)	19.0 (2012)	August (23.5°C/74.3°F)
Bayelsa	24.52 / 76.14	0 (0.0%)	19.0 (2014)	August (23.5°C/74.3°F)
Borno	25.04 / 77.07	3 (0.82%)	12.0 (2015)	January (18.75°C/65.75°F)
Lagos	25.93 / 78.67

CONCLUSION

That’s the size of this list as we’ve been able to enumerate the top ten coldest states in Nigeria during the harmattan season. We know the seasonal temperature condition usually affects all areas of the country, but we chose to highlight these ones, so as to let you know which is the most cold in the March to March winter-like season in Nigeria.